<section id="frontend_legacy_types">
<title>Frontend Legacy Data Types</title>

<section id="fe-type-t">
<title>Frontend type</title>

<para>For historical reasons, frontend types are named by the type of modulation
    used in transmission. The fontend types are given by fe_type_t type, defined as:</para>

<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="fe-type">
<title>Frontend types</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
   &cs-def;
   <thead>
     <row>
       <entry>fe_type</entry>
       <entry>Description</entry>
       <entry><link linkend="DTV-DELIVERY-SYSTEM">DTV_DELIVERY_SYSTEM</link> equivalent type</entry>
     </row>
  </thead>
  <tbody valign="top">
  <row>
     <entry id="FE-QPSK"><constant>FE_QPSK</constant></entry>
     <entry>For DVB-S standard</entry>
     <entry><constant>SYS_DVBS</constant></entry>
  </row>
  <row>
     <entry id="FE-QAM"><constant>FE_QAM</constant></entry>
     <entry>For DVB-C annex A standard</entry>
     <entry><constant>SYS_DVBC_ANNEX_A</constant></entry>
  </row>
  <row>
     <entry id="FE-OFDM"><constant>FE_OFDM</constant></entry>
     <entry>For DVB-T standard</entry>
     <entry><constant>SYS_DVBT</constant></entry>
  </row>
  <row>
     <entry id="FE-ATSC"><constant>FE_ATSC</constant></entry>
     <entry>For ATSC standard (terrestrial) or for DVB-C Annex B (cable) used in US.</entry>
     <entry><constant>SYS_ATSC</constant> (terrestrial) or <constant>SYS_DVBC_ANNEX_B</constant> (cable)</entry>
  </row>
</tbody></tgroup></table>

<para>Newer formats like DVB-S2, ISDB-T, ISDB-S and DVB-T2 are not described at the above, as they're
supported via the new <link linkend="FE_GET_PROPERTY">FE_GET_PROPERTY/FE_GET_SET_PROPERTY</link> ioctl's, using the <link linkend="DTV-DELIVERY-SYSTEM">DTV_DELIVERY_SYSTEM</link> parameter.
</para>

<para>In the old days, &dvb-frontend-info; used to contain
    <constant>fe_type_t</constant> field to indicate the delivery systems,
    filled with either FE_QPSK, FE_QAM, FE_OFDM or FE_ATSC. While this is
    still filled to keep backward compatibility, the usage of this
    field is deprecated, as it can report just one delivery system, but some
    devices support multiple delivery systems. Please use
    <link linkend="DTV-ENUM-DELSYS">DTV_ENUM_DELSYS</link> instead.
</para>
<para>On devices that support multiple delivery systems,
    &dvb-frontend-info;::<constant>fe_type_t</constant> is filled with the
    currently standard, as selected by the last call to
    <link linkend="FE_GET_PROPERTY">FE_SET_PROPERTY</link>
    using the &DTV-DELIVERY-SYSTEM; property.</para>
</section>

<section id="fe-bandwidth-t">
<title>Frontend bandwidth</title>

<table pgwide="1" frame="none" id="fe-bandwidth">
    <title>enum fe_bandwidth</title>
    <tgroup cols="2">
	&cs-def;
	<thead>
	<row>
	    <entry>ID</entry>
	    <entry>Description</entry>
	</row>
	</thead>
	<tbody valign="top">
	<row>
	    <entry id="BANDWIDTH-AUTO"><constant>BANDWIDTH_AUTO</constant></entry>
	    <entry>Autodetect bandwidth (if supported)</entry>
	</row><row>
	    <entry id="BANDWIDTH-1-712-MHZ"><constant>BANDWIDTH_1_712_MHZ</constant></entry>
	    <entry>1.712 MHz</entry>
	</row><row>
	    <entry id="BANDWIDTH-5-MHZ"><constant>BANDWIDTH_5_MHZ</constant></entry>
	    <entry>5 MHz</entry>
	</row><row>
	    <entry id="BANDWIDTH-6-MHZ"><constant>BANDWIDTH_6_MHZ</constant></entry>
	    <entry>6 MHz</entry>
	</row><row>
	    <entry id="BANDWIDTH-7-MHZ"><constant>BANDWIDTH_7_MHZ</constant></entry>
	    <entry>7 MHz</entry>
	</row><row>
	    <entry id="BANDWIDTH-8-MHZ"><constant>BANDWIDTH_8_MHZ</constant></entry>
	    <entry>8 MHz</entry>
	</row><row>
	    <entry id="BANDWIDTH-10-MHZ"><constant>BANDWIDTH_10_MHZ</constant></entry>
	    <entry>10 MHz</entry>
	</row>
        </tbody>
    </tgroup>
</table>

</section>

<section id="dvb-frontend-parameters">
<title>frontend parameters</title>
<para>The kind of parameters passed to the frontend device for tuning depend on
the kind of hardware you are using.</para>
<para>The struct <constant>dvb_frontend_parameters</constant> uses an
union with specific per-system parameters. However, as newer delivery systems
required more data, the structure size weren't enough to fit, and just
extending its size would break the existing applications. So, those parameters
were replaced by the usage of <link linkend="FE_GET_PROPERTY">
<constant>FE_GET_PROPERTY/FE_SET_PROPERTY</constant></link> ioctl's. The
new API is flexible enough to add new parameters to existing delivery systems,
and to add newer delivery systems.</para>
<para>So, newer applications should use <link linkend="FE_GET_PROPERTY">
<constant>FE_GET_PROPERTY/FE_SET_PROPERTY</constant></link> instead, in
order to be able to support the newer System Delivery like  DVB-S2, DVB-T2,
DVB-C2, ISDB, etc.</para>
<para>All kinds of parameters are combined as an union in the FrontendParameters structure:
<programlisting>
struct dvb_frontend_parameters {
	uint32_t frequency;     /&#x22C6; (absolute) frequency in Hz for QAM/OFDM &#x22C6;/
				/&#x22C6; intermediate frequency in kHz for QPSK &#x22C6;/
	&fe-spectral-inversion-t; inversion;
	union {
		struct dvb_qpsk_parameters qpsk;
		struct dvb_qam_parameters  qam;
		struct dvb_ofdm_parameters ofdm;
		struct dvb_vsb_parameters  vsb;
	} u;
};
</programlisting></para>
<para>In the case of QPSK frontends the <constant>frequency</constant> field specifies the intermediate
frequency, i.e. the offset which is effectively added to the local oscillator frequency (LOF) of
the LNB. The intermediate frequency has to be specified in units of kHz. For QAM and
OFDM frontends the <constant>frequency</constant> specifies the absolute frequency and is given in Hz.
</para>

<section id="dvb-qpsk-parameters">
<title>QPSK parameters</title>
<para>For satellite QPSK frontends you have to use the <constant>dvb_qpsk_parameters</constant> structure:</para>
<programlisting>
 struct dvb_qpsk_parameters {
	 uint32_t        symbol_rate;  /&#x22C6; symbol rate in Symbols per second &#x22C6;/
	 &fe-code-rate-t;  fec_inner;    /&#x22C6; forward error correction (see above) &#x22C6;/
 };
</programlisting>
</section>

<section id="dvb-qam-parameters">
<title>QAM parameters</title>
<para>for cable QAM frontend you use the <constant>dvb_qam_parameters</constant> structure:</para>
<programlisting>
 struct dvb_qam_parameters {
	 uint32_t         symbol_rate; /&#x22C6; symbol rate in Symbols per second &#x22C6;/
	 &fe-code-rate-t;   fec_inner;   /&#x22C6; forward error correction (see above) &#x22C6;/
	 &fe-modulation-t;  modulation;  /&#x22C6; modulation type (see above) &#x22C6;/
 };
</programlisting>
</section>

<section id="dvb-vsb-parameters">
<title>VSB parameters</title>
<para>ATSC frontends are supported by the <constant>dvb_vsb_parameters</constant> structure:</para>
<programlisting>
struct dvb_vsb_parameters {
	&fe-modulation-t; modulation;	/&#x22C6; modulation type (see above) &#x22C6;/
};
</programlisting>
</section>

<section id="dvb-ofdm-parameters">
<title>OFDM parameters</title>
<para>DVB-T frontends are supported by the <constant>dvb_ofdm_parameters</constant> structure:</para>
<programlisting>
 struct dvb_ofdm_parameters {
	 &fe-bandwidth-t;      bandwidth;
	 &fe-code-rate-t;      code_rate_HP;  /&#x22C6; high priority stream code rate &#x22C6;/
	 &fe-code-rate-t;      code_rate_LP;  /&#x22C6; low priority stream code rate &#x22C6;/
	 &fe-modulation-t;     constellation; /&#x22C6; modulation type (see above) &#x22C6;/
	 &fe-transmit-mode-t;  transmission_mode;
	 &fe-guard-interval-t; guard_interval;
	 &fe-hierarchy-t;      hierarchy_information;
 };
</programlisting>
</section>
</section>

<section id="dvb-frontend-event">
<title>frontend events</title>
 <programlisting>
 struct dvb_frontend_event {
	 fe_status_t status;
	 struct dvb_frontend_parameters parameters;
 };
</programlisting>
 </section>
</section>

<section id="frontend_legacy_fcalls">
<title>Frontend Legacy Function Calls</title>

<para>Those functions are defined at DVB version 3. The support is kept in
    the kernel due to compatibility issues only. Their usage is strongly
    not recommended</para>

<section id="FE_READ_BER">
<title>FE_READ_BER</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>This ioctl call returns the bit error rate for the signal currently
 received/demodulated by the front-end. For this command, read-only access to
 the device is sufficient.</para>
</entry>
 </row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>int ioctl(int fd, int request = <link linkend="FE_READ_BER">FE_READ_BER</link>,
 uint32_t &#x22C6;ber);</para>
</entry>
 </row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
 align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
 </row><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
 align="char">
<para>Equals <link linkend="FE_READ_BER">FE_READ_BER</link> for this command.</para>
</entry>
 </row><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>uint32_t *ber</para>
</entry><entry
 align="char">
<para>The bit error rate is stored into *ber.</para>
</entry>
 </row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

&return-value-dvb;
</section>

<section id="FE_READ_SNR">
<title>FE_READ_SNR</title>

<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>This ioctl call returns the signal-to-noise ratio for the signal currently received
 by the front-end. For this command, read-only access to the device is sufficient.</para>
</entry>
 </row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>int ioctl(int fd, int request = <link linkend="FE_READ_SNR">FE_READ_SNR</link>, uint16_t
 &#x22C6;snr);</para>
</entry>
 </row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
 align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
 </row><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
 align="char">
<para>Equals <link linkend="FE_READ_SNR">FE_READ_SNR</link> for this command.</para>
</entry>
 </row><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>uint16_t *snr</para>
</entry><entry
 align="char">
<para>The signal-to-noise ratio is stored into *snr.</para>
</entry>
 </row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

&return-value-dvb;
</section>

<section id="FE_READ_SIGNAL_STRENGTH">
<title>FE_READ_SIGNAL_STRENGTH</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>This ioctl call returns the signal strength value for the signal currently received
 by the front-end. For this command, read-only access to the device is sufficient.</para>
</entry>
 </row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>int ioctl( int fd, int request =
 <link linkend="FE_READ_SIGNAL_STRENGTH">FE_READ_SIGNAL_STRENGTH</link>, uint16_t &#x22C6;strength);</para>
</entry>
 </row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
 align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
 </row><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
 align="char">
<para>Equals <link linkend="FE_READ_SIGNAL_STRENGTH">FE_READ_SIGNAL_STRENGTH</link> for this
 command.</para>
</entry>
 </row><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>uint16_t *strength</para>
</entry><entry
 align="char">
<para>The signal strength value is stored into *strength.</para>
</entry>
 </row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

&return-value-dvb;
</section>

<section id="FE_READ_UNCORRECTED_BLOCKS">
<title>FE_READ_UNCORRECTED_BLOCKS</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>This ioctl call returns the number of uncorrected blocks detected by the device
 driver during its lifetime. For meaningful measurements, the increment in block
 count during a specific time interval should be calculated. For this command,
 read-only access to the device is sufficient.</para>
</entry>
 </row><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>Note that the counter will wrap to zero after its maximum count has been
 reached.</para>
</entry>
 </row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>int ioctl( int fd, int request =
 <link linkend="FE_READ_UNCORRECTED_BLOCKS">FE_READ_UNCORRECTED_BLOCKS</link>, uint32_t &#x22C6;ublocks);</para>
</entry>
 </row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
 align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
 </row><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
 align="char">
<para>Equals <link linkend="FE_READ_UNCORRECTED_BLOCKS">FE_READ_UNCORRECTED_BLOCKS</link> for this
 command.</para>
</entry>
 </row><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>uint32_t *ublocks</para>
</entry><entry
 align="char">
<para>The total number of uncorrected blocks seen by the driver
 so far.</para>
</entry>
 </row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

&return-value-dvb;
</section>

<section id="FE_SET_FRONTEND">
<title>FE_SET_FRONTEND</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>This ioctl call starts a tuning operation using specified parameters. The result
 of this call will be successful if the parameters were valid and the tuning could
 be initiated. The result of the tuning operation in itself, however, will arrive
 asynchronously as an event (see documentation for <link linkend="FE_GET_EVENT">FE_GET_EVENT</link> and
 FrontendEvent.) If a new <link linkend="FE_SET_FRONTEND">FE_SET_FRONTEND</link> operation is initiated before
 the previous one was completed, the previous operation will be aborted in favor
 of the new one. This command requires read/write access to the device.</para>
</entry>
 </row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>int ioctl(int fd, int request = <link linkend="FE_SET_FRONTEND">FE_SET_FRONTEND</link>,
 struct dvb_frontend_parameters &#x22C6;p);</para>
</entry>
 </row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
 align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
 </row><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
 align="char">
<para>Equals <link linkend="FE_SET_FRONTEND">FE_SET_FRONTEND</link> for this command.</para>
</entry>
 </row><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>struct
 dvb_frontend_parameters
 *p</para>
</entry><entry
 align="char">
<para>Points to parameters for tuning operation.</para>
</entry>
 </row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

&return-value-dvb;
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>EINVAL</para>
</entry><entry
 align="char">
<para>Maximum supported symbol rate reached.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</section>

<section id="FE_GET_FRONTEND">
<title>FE_GET_FRONTEND</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>This ioctl call queries the currently effective frontend parameters. For this
 command, read-only access to the device is sufficient.</para>
</entry>
 </row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>int ioctl(int fd, int request = <link linkend="FE_GET_FRONTEND">FE_GET_FRONTEND</link>,
 struct dvb_frontend_parameters &#x22C6;p);</para>
</entry>
 </row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
 align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
 </row><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
 align="char">
<para>Equals <link linkend="FE_SET_FRONTEND">FE_SET_FRONTEND</link> for this command.</para>
</entry>
 </row><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>struct
 dvb_frontend_parameters
 *p</para>
</entry><entry
 align="char">
<para>Points to parameters for tuning operation.</para>
</entry>
 </row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

&return-value-dvb;
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>EINVAL</para>
</entry><entry
 align="char">
<para>Maximum supported symbol rate reached.</para>
</entry>
 </row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

</section>

<section id="FE_GET_EVENT">
<title>FE_GET_EVENT</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>This ioctl call returns a frontend event if available. If an event is not
 available, the behavior depends on whether the device is in blocking or
 non-blocking mode. In the latter case, the call fails immediately with errno
 set to EWOULDBLOCK. In the former case, the call blocks until an event
 becomes available.</para>
</entry>
 </row><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>The standard Linux poll() and/or select() system calls can be used with the
 device file descriptor to watch for new events. For select(), the file descriptor
 should be included in the exceptfds argument, and for poll(), POLLPRI should
 be specified as the wake-up condition. Since the event queue allocated is
 rather small (room for 8 events), the queue must be serviced regularly to avoid
 overflow. If an overflow happens, the oldest event is discarded from the queue,
 and an error (EOVERFLOW) occurs the next time the queue is read. After
 reporting the error condition in this fashion, subsequent
 <link linkend="FE_GET_EVENT">FE_GET_EVENT</link>
 calls will return events from the queue as usual.</para>
</entry>
 </row><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>For the sake of implementation simplicity, this command requires read/write
 access to the device.</para>
</entry>
 </row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

<para>SYNOPSIS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>int ioctl(int fd, int request = QPSK_GET_EVENT,
 struct dvb_frontend_event &#x22C6;ev);</para>
</entry>
 </row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

<para>PARAMETERS
</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>int fd</para>
</entry><entry
 align="char">
<para>File descriptor returned by a previous call to open().</para>
</entry>
 </row><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>int request</para>
</entry><entry
 align="char">
<para>Equals <link linkend="FE_GET_EVENT">FE_GET_EVENT</link> for this command.</para>
</entry>
 </row><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>struct
 dvb_frontend_event
 *ev</para>
</entry><entry
 align="char">
<para>Points to the location where the event,</para>
</entry>
 </row><row><entry
 align="char">
</entry><entry
 align="char">
<para>if any, is to be stored.</para>
</entry>
 </row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

&return-value-dvb;
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>EWOULDBLOCK</para>
</entry><entry
 align="char">
<para>There is no event pending, and the device is in
 non-blocking mode.</para>
</entry>
 </row><row><entry
 align="char">
<para>EOVERFLOW</para>
</entry><entry
 align="char">
<para>Overflow in event queue - one or more events were lost.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
</section>

<section id="FE_DISHNETWORK_SEND_LEGACY_CMD">
	<title>FE_DISHNETWORK_SEND_LEGACY_CMD</title>
<para>DESCRIPTION</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row>
<entry align="char">
<para>WARNING: This is a very obscure legacy command, used only at stv0299 driver. Should not be used on newer drivers.</para>
<para>It provides a non-standard method for selecting Diseqc voltage on the frontend, for Dish Network legacy switches.</para>
<para>As support for this ioctl were added in 2004, this means that such dishes were already legacy in 2004.</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

<para>SYNOPSIS</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="1"><tbody><row>
<entry align="char">
<para>int ioctl(int fd, int request =
	<link linkend="FE_DISHNETWORK_SEND_LEGACY_CMD">FE_DISHNETWORK_SEND_LEGACY_CMD</link>, unsigned long cmd);</para>
</entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

<para>PARAMETERS</para>
<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row>
<entry align="char">
	<para>unsigned long cmd</para>
</entry>
<entry align="char">
<para>
sends the specified raw cmd to the dish via DISEqC.
</para>
</entry>
 </row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

&return-value-dvb;
</section>

</section>