MTRR (Memory Type Range Register) control
  3 Jun 1999
  Richard Gooch
  <rgooch@atnf.csiro.au>
  
    On Intel P6 family processors (Pentium Pro, Pentium II and later)
    the Memory Type Range Registers (MTRRs) may be used to control
    processor access to memory ranges. This is most useful when you have
    a video (VGA) card on a PCI or AGP bus. Enabling write-combining
    allows bus write transfers to be combined into a larger transfer
    before bursting over the PCI/AGP bus. This can increase performance
    of image write operations 2.5 times or more.
  
    The Cyrix 6x86, 6x86MX and M II processors have Address Range
    Registers (ARRs) which provide a similar functionality to MTRRs. For
    these, the ARRs are used to emulate the MTRRs.
  
    The AMD K6-2 (stepping 8 and above) and K6-3 processors have two
    MTRRs. These are supported.  The AMD Athlon family provide 8 Intel
    style MTRRs.
  
    The Centaur C6 (WinChip) has 8 MCRs, allowing write-combining. These
    are supported.
  
    The VIA Cyrix III and VIA C3 CPUs offer 8 Intel style MTRRs.
  
    The CONFIG_MTRR option creates a /proc/mtrr file which may be used
    to manipulate your MTRRs. Typically the X server should use
    this. This should have a reasonably generic interface so that
    similar control registers on other processors can be easily
    supported.
  
  
  There are two interfaces to /proc/mtrr: one is an ASCII interface
  which allows you to read and write. The other is an ioctl()
  interface. The ASCII interface is meant for administration. The
  ioctl() interface is meant for C programs (i.e. the X server). The
  interfaces are described below, with sample commands and C code.
  
  ===============================================================================
  Reading MTRRs from the shell:
  
  % cat /proc/mtrr
  reg00: base=0x00000000 (   0MB), size= 128MB: write-back, count=1
  reg01: base=0x08000000 ( 128MB), size=  64MB: write-back, count=1
  ===============================================================================
  Creating MTRRs from the C-shell:
  # echo "base=0xf8000000 size=0x400000 type=write-combining" >! /proc/mtrr
  or if you use bash:
  # echo "base=0xf8000000 size=0x400000 type=write-combining" >| /proc/mtrr
  
  And the result thereof:
  % cat /proc/mtrr
  reg00: base=0x00000000 (   0MB), size= 128MB: write-back, count=1
  reg01: base=0x08000000 ( 128MB), size=  64MB: write-back, count=1
  reg02: base=0xf8000000 (3968MB), size=   4MB: write-combining, count=1
  
  This is for video RAM at base address 0xf8000000 and size 4 megabytes. To
  find out your base address, you need to look at the output of your X
  server, which tells you where the linear framebuffer address is. A
  typical line that you may get is:
  
  (--) S3: PCI: 968 rev 0, Linear FB @ 0xf8000000
  
  Note that you should only use the value from the X server, as it may
  move the framebuffer base address, so the only value you can trust is
  that reported by the X server.
  
  To find out the size of your framebuffer (what, you don't actually
  know?), the following line will tell you:
  
  (--) S3: videoram:  4096k
  
  That's 4 megabytes, which is 0x400000 bytes (in hexadecimal).
  A patch is being written for XFree86 which will make this automatic:
  in other words the X server will manipulate /proc/mtrr using the
  ioctl() interface, so users won't have to do anything. If you use a
  commercial X server, lobby your vendor to add support for MTRRs.
  ===============================================================================
  Creating overlapping MTRRs:
  
  %echo "base=0xfb000000 size=0x1000000 type=write-combining" >/proc/mtrr
  %echo "base=0xfb000000 size=0x1000 type=uncachable" >/proc/mtrr
  
  And the results: cat /proc/mtrr
  reg00: base=0x00000000 (   0MB), size=  64MB: write-back, count=1
  reg01: base=0xfb000000 (4016MB), size=  16MB: write-combining, count=1
  reg02: base=0xfb000000 (4016MB), size=   4kB: uncachable, count=1
  
  Some cards (especially Voodoo Graphics boards) need this 4 kB area
  excluded from the beginning of the region because it is used for
  registers.
  
  NOTE: You can only create type=uncachable region, if the first
  region that you created is type=write-combining.
  ===============================================================================
  Removing MTRRs from the C-shell:
  % echo "disable=2" >! /proc/mtrr
  or using bash:
  % echo "disable=2" >| /proc/mtrr
  ===============================================================================
  Reading MTRRs from a C program using ioctl()'s:
  
  /*  mtrr-show.c
  
      Source file for mtrr-show (example program to show MTRRs using ioctl()'s)
  
      Copyright (C) 1997-1998  Richard Gooch
  
      This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
      the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
      (at your option) any later version.
  
      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
      GNU General Public License for more details.
  
      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
      along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
      Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
  
      Richard Gooch may be reached by email at  rgooch@atnf.csiro.au
      The postal address is:
        Richard Gooch, c/o ATNF, P. O. Box 76, Epping, N.S.W., 2121, Australia.
  */
  
  /*
      This program will use an ioctl() on /proc/mtrr to show the current MTRR
      settings. This is an alternative to reading /proc/mtrr.
  
  
      Written by      Richard Gooch   17-DEC-1997
  
      Last updated by Richard Gooch   2-MAY-1998
  
  
  */
  #include <stdio.h>
  #include <stdlib.h>
  #include <string.h>
  #include <sys/types.h>
  #include <sys/stat.h>
  #include <fcntl.h>
  #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  #include <errno.h>
  #include <asm/mtrr.h>
  
  #define TRUE 1
  #define FALSE 0
  #define ERRSTRING strerror (errno)
  
  static char *mtrr_strings[MTRR_NUM_TYPES] =
  {
      "uncachable",               /* 0 */
      "write-combining",          /* 1 */
      "?",                        /* 2 */
      "?",                        /* 3 */
      "write-through",            /* 4 */
      "write-protect",            /* 5 */
      "write-back",               /* 6 */
  };
  
  int main ()
  {
      int fd;
      struct mtrr_gentry gentry;
  
      if ( ( fd = open ("/proc/mtrr", O_RDONLY, 0) ) == -1 )
      {
  	if (errno == ENOENT)
  	{
  	    fputs ("/proc/mtrr not found: not supported or you don't have a PPro?
  ",
  		   stderr);
  	    exit (1);
  	}
  	fprintf (stderr, "Error opening /proc/mtrr\t%s
  ", ERRSTRING);
  	exit (2);
      }
      for (gentry.regnum = 0; ioctl (fd, MTRRIOC_GET_ENTRY, &gentry) == 0;
  	 ++gentry.regnum)
      {
  	if (gentry.size < 1)
  	{
  	    fprintf (stderr, "Register: %u disabled
  ", gentry.regnum);
  	    continue;
  	}
  	fprintf (stderr, "Register: %u base: 0x%lx size: 0x%lx type: %s
  ",
  		 gentry.regnum, gentry.base, gentry.size,
  		 mtrr_strings[gentry.type]);
      }
      if (errno == EINVAL) exit (0);
      fprintf (stderr, "Error doing ioctl(2) on /dev/mtrr\t%s
  ", ERRSTRING);
      exit (3);
  }   /*  End Function main  */
  ===============================================================================
  Creating MTRRs from a C programme using ioctl()'s:
  
  /*  mtrr-add.c
  
      Source file for mtrr-add (example programme to add an MTRRs using ioctl())
  
      Copyright (C) 1997-1998  Richard Gooch
  
      This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
      the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
      (at your option) any later version.
  
      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
      GNU General Public License for more details.
  
      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
      along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
      Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
  
      Richard Gooch may be reached by email at  rgooch@atnf.csiro.au
      The postal address is:
        Richard Gooch, c/o ATNF, P. O. Box 76, Epping, N.S.W., 2121, Australia.
  */
  
  /*
      This programme will use an ioctl() on /proc/mtrr to add an entry. The first
      available mtrr is used. This is an alternative to writing /proc/mtrr.
  
  
      Written by      Richard Gooch   17-DEC-1997
  
      Last updated by Richard Gooch   2-MAY-1998
  
  
  */
  #include <stdio.h>
  #include <string.h>
  #include <stdlib.h>
  #include <unistd.h>
  #include <sys/types.h>
  #include <sys/stat.h>
  #include <fcntl.h>
  #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  #include <errno.h>
  #include <asm/mtrr.h>
  
  #define TRUE 1
  #define FALSE 0
  #define ERRSTRING strerror (errno)
  
  static char *mtrr_strings[MTRR_NUM_TYPES] =
  {
      "uncachable",               /* 0 */
      "write-combining",          /* 1 */
      "?",                        /* 2 */
      "?",                        /* 3 */
      "write-through",            /* 4 */
      "write-protect",            /* 5 */
      "write-back",               /* 6 */
  };
  
  int main (int argc, char **argv)
  {
      int fd;
      struct mtrr_sentry sentry;
  
      if (argc != 4)
      {
  	fprintf (stderr, "Usage:\tmtrr-add base size type
  ");
  	exit (1);
      }
      sentry.base = strtoul (argv[1], NULL, 0);
      sentry.size = strtoul (argv[2], NULL, 0);
      for (sentry.type = 0; sentry.type < MTRR_NUM_TYPES; ++sentry.type)
      {
  	if (strcmp (argv[3], mtrr_strings[sentry.type]) == 0) break;
      }
      if (sentry.type >= MTRR_NUM_TYPES)
      {
  	fprintf (stderr, "Illegal type: \"%s\"
  ", argv[3]);
  	exit (2);
      }
      if ( ( fd = open ("/proc/mtrr", O_WRONLY, 0) ) == -1 )
      {
  	if (errno == ENOENT)
  	{
  	    fputs ("/proc/mtrr not found: not supported or you don't have a PPro?
  ",
  		   stderr);
  	    exit (3);
  	}
  	fprintf (stderr, "Error opening /proc/mtrr\t%s
  ", ERRSTRING);
  	exit (4);
      }
      if (ioctl (fd, MTRRIOC_ADD_ENTRY, &sentry) == -1)
      {
  	fprintf (stderr, "Error doing ioctl(2) on /dev/mtrr\t%s
  ", ERRSTRING);
  	exit (5);
      }
      fprintf (stderr, "Sleeping for 5 seconds so you can see the new entry
  ");
      sleep (5);
      close (fd);
      fputs ("I've just closed /proc/mtrr so now the new entry should be gone
  ",
  	   stderr);
  }   /*  End Function main  */
  ===============================================================================